{"id":10551,"date":"2025-12-10T11:56:29","date_gmt":"2025-12-10T04:56:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lawfirmelite.com\/vi\/?p=10551"},"modified":"2025-12-10T11:56:29","modified_gmt":"2025-12-10T04:56:29","slug":"10-phat-minh-va-sang-che-vi-dai-cua-nguoi-nga","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lawfirmelite.com\/vi\/10-phat-minh-va-sang-che-vi-dai-cua-nguoi-nga\/","title":{"rendered":"10 Ph\u00e1t Minh V\u00e0 S\u00e1ng Ch\u1ebf V\u0129 \u0110\u1ea1i C\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_68_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >N\u1ed9i dung b&agrave;i vi\u1ebft<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/lawfirmelite.com\/vi\/10-phat-minh-va-sang-che-vi-dai-cua-nguoi-nga\/#1-Bang-Tuan-Hoan-Cac-Nguyen-To-Hoa-Hoc\" title=\"1. B\u1ea3ng Tu\u1ea7n Ho\u00e0n C\u00e1c Nguy\u00ean T\u1ed1 H\u00f3a H\u1ecdc\">1. B\u1ea3ng Tu\u1ea7n Ho\u00e0n C\u00e1c Nguy\u00ean T\u1ed1 H\u00f3a H\u1ecdc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/lawfirmelite.com\/vi\/10-phat-minh-va-sang-che-vi-dai-cua-nguoi-nga\/#2-May-Thu-Vo-Tuyen\" title=\"2. M\u00e1y Thu V\u00f4 Tuy\u1ebfn\u00a0\">2. M\u00e1y Thu V\u00f4 Tuy\u1ebfn\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/lawfirmelite.com\/vi\/10-phat-minh-va-sang-che-vi-dai-cua-nguoi-nga\/#3-May-Bay-Truc-Thang-Hien-Dai\" title=\"3. M\u00e1y Bay Tr\u1ef1c Th\u0103ng Hi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i\">3. M\u00e1y Bay Tr\u1ef1c Th\u0103ng Hi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/lawfirmelite.com\/vi\/10-phat-minh-va-sang-che-vi-dai-cua-nguoi-nga\/#4-Tro-Choi-Dien-Tu-Tetris\" title=\"4. Tr\u00f2 Ch\u01a1i \u0110i\u1ec7n T\u1eed Tetris\">4. Tr\u00f2 Ch\u01a1i \u0110i\u1ec7n T\u1eed Tetris<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/lawfirmelite.com\/vi\/10-phat-minh-va-sang-che-vi-dai-cua-nguoi-nga\/#5-Tokamak\" title=\"5. Tokamak\">5. Tokamak<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/lawfirmelite.com\/vi\/10-phat-minh-va-sang-che-vi-dai-cua-nguoi-nga\/#6-Sung-Truong-AK-47\" title=\"6. S\u00fang Tr\u01b0\u1eddng AK-47\">6. S\u00fang Tr\u01b0\u1eddng AK-47<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/lawfirmelite.com\/vi\/10-phat-minh-va-sang-che-vi-dai-cua-nguoi-nga\/#7-He-Thong-Dien-Ba-Pha\" title=\"7. H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng \u0110i\u1ec7n Ba Pha\">7. H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng \u0110i\u1ec7n Ba Pha<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/lawfirmelite.com\/vi\/10-phat-minh-va-sang-che-vi-dai-cua-nguoi-nga\/#8-Du-Deo-Lung\" title=\"8. D\u00f9 \u0110eo L\u01b0ng\">8. D\u00f9 \u0110eo L\u01b0ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/lawfirmelite.com\/vi\/10-phat-minh-va-sang-che-vi-dai-cua-nguoi-nga\/#9-Ve-Tinh-Nhan-Tao-Sputnik-1\" title=\"9. V\u1ec7 Tinh Nh\u00e2n T\u1ea1o Sputnik 1\">9. V\u1ec7 Tinh Nh\u00e2n T\u1ea1o Sputnik 1<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/lawfirmelite.com\/vi\/10-phat-minh-va-sang-che-vi-dai-cua-nguoi-nga\/#10-Cong-nghe-Laser\" title=\"10. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Laser\">10. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Laser<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga lu\u00f4n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111i v\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. C\u00f4ng ty Lu\u1eadt ELITE \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1-Bang-Tuan-Hoan-Cac-Nguyen-To-Hoa-Hoc\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><b>1. B\u1ea3ng Tu\u1ea7n Ho\u00e0n C\u00e1c Nguy\u00ean T\u1ed1 H\u00f3a H\u1ecdc<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Mendeleev, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 quanh c\u1ed9t, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng quy lu\u1eadt b\u00e1t \u00e2m, x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 qu\u00e3ng t\u00e1m trong \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m. N\u0103m 1869, Mendeleev \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ng\u00e0nh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 m\u00e3i m\u00e3i. V\u1edbi b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Mendeleev s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp 63 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed1ng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u00f4ng d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a gallium, scandium v\u00e0 germanium. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn ng\u00e0y nay, b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Mendeleev v\u1eabn \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2-May-Thu-Vo-Tuyen\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><b>2. M\u00e1y Thu V\u00f4 Tuy\u1ebfn\u00a0<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ng\u00e0y 7 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1895, Alexander Stepanovich Popov cho ra m\u1eaft m\u00e1y thu v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ng\u00e0y 24 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1896, \u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n V\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc Nga. M\u00e1y thu v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Popov l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng, m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t minh sau n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 radio, truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 radar. Popov \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, t\u1eeb th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t s\u00f3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00f4n vinh Popov v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y 7 th\u00e1ng 5 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m \u201cNg\u00e0y c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng &#8211; Radio Day\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3-May-Bay-Truc-Thang-Hien-Dai\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><b>3. M\u00e1y Bay Tr\u1ef1c Th\u0103ng Hi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 nghe v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ebfn bay \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a anh em nh\u00e0 Wright n\u0103m 1903. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u00edt ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 30 n\u0103m sau, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay tr\u1ef1c th\u0103ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh. N\u0103m 1939, nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Nga Igor Sikorsky \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay tr\u1ef1c th\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi &#8211; VS-300. Sau nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, n\u0103m 1940, VS-300 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chuy\u1ebfn bay t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, v\u00e0 n\u0103m 1941, n\u00f3 l\u1eadp k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c bay li\u00ean t\u1ee5c 1 gi\u1edd 32 ph\u00fat. V\u1edbi t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o, Igor Sikorsky nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee9u h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a tr\u1ef1c th\u0103ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u0169 kh\u00ed qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc tr\u1ef1c th\u0103ng Sikorsky v\u00e0 h\u1eadu du\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng t\u1edbi h\u01a1n 50.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4-Tro-Choi-Dien-Tu-Tetris\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><b>4. Tr\u00f2 Ch\u01a1i \u0110i\u1ec7n T\u1eed Tetris<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tetris l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed x\u1ebfp kh\u1ed1i do k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 Alexey Pajitnov ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103m 1984. Lu\u1eadt ch\u01a1i Tetris r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u: ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i s\u1ebd \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i h\u00ecnh \u0111ang r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng sao cho c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gh\u00e9p th\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng ngang \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cx\u00f3a\u201d h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3. Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1edbi c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u201cg\u00e2y nghi\u1ec7n\u201d cao v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea1c n\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u. Tetris \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 l\u01b0\u1ee3t ch\u01a1i tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5-Tokamak\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><b>5. Tokamak<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cTokamak\u201d l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Nga, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201ckhoang h\u00ecnh xuy\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n t\u1eeb\u201d. Tokamak l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef plasma n\u00f3ng trong m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt h\u00ecnh xuy\u1ebfn, \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eb1m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1edd ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950 b\u1edfi Igor Tamm v\u00e0 Andrei Sakharov, cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u00e2y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb mang t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t trong tham v\u1ecdng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. Tokamak l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn quan tr\u1ecdng trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c khai th\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, m\u1edf ra hy v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2014 M\u1eddi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n xem ti\u1ebfp ph\u1ea7n 2 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y \u2014<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6-Sung-Truong-AK-47\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><b>6. S\u00fang Tr\u01b0\u1eddng AK-47<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i v\u0169 kh\u00ed X\u00f4-vi\u1ebft, bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 c\u00e2y s\u00fang \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ef9 t\u1eeb d\u00e0nh cho kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1eddng AK-47. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c Mikhail Kalashnikov thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf trong cu\u1ed9c thi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u0169 kh\u00ed m\u1edbi cho H\u1ed3ng qu\u00e2n n\u0103m 1947, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, AK-47 \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean ch\u1ebf h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t trong qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1949. Gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh r\u1ebb, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng gia c\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn, d\u1ec5 th\u00e1o l\u1eafp, d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u00e1t th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t,&#8230; \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn AK-47 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh lo\u1ea1i s\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00fa v\u1ecb n\u1eefa v\u1ec1 AK-47 khi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2y s\u00fang duy nh\u1ea5t xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean l\u00e1 c\u1edd c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng?<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7-He-Thong-Dien-Ba-Pha\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><b>7. H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng \u0110i\u1ec7n Ba Pha<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrovolsky &#8211; m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc g\u1ed1c Nga &#8211; Ba Lan l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c &#8211; l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ba pha, m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng trong ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng. \u00d4ng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p ba pha \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n qua 175 km t\u1eeb Lauffen \u0111\u1ebfn Frankfurt. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m h\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t pha, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u cho l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n. Ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ee7a Dolivo-Dobrovolsky v\u1eabn \u0111ang l\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, cung c\u1ea5p h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn ng\u00e0y nay.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8-Du-Deo-Lung\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><b>8. D\u00f9 \u0110eo L\u01b0ng<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nh\u1ea3y d\u00f9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau th\u00edch. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y bi th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc d\u00f9 \u0111eo l\u01b0ng &#8211; trang b\u1ecb b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao n\u00e0y. N\u0103m 1910, sau khi ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 hi sinh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i \u00fay Leo Matsievich trong m\u1ed9t tai n\u1ea1n m\u00e1y bay, Gleb Kotelnikov b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ea3y ra \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng phi c\u00f4ng trong nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng nguy c\u1ea5p. N\u0103m 1911, Gleb Kotelnikov cho ra \u0111\u1eddi chi\u1ebfc d\u00f9 \u0111eo l\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u00f9 l\u1ee5a g\u1ea5p g\u1ecdn trong ba l\u00f4, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng tri\u1ec3n khai ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0i thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1912, d\u00f9 RK-1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Nga v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y l\u00e0 to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. S\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 phi c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ea3y d\u00f9, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb an to\u00e0n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong an to\u00e0n h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"9-Ve-Tinh-Nhan-Tao-Sputnik-1\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><b>9. V\u1ec7 Tinh Nh\u00e2n T\u1ea1o Sputnik 1<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t trong kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng gian, thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 Sputnik 1. Ng\u00e0y 4 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1957, Li\u00ean X\u00f4 ph\u00f3ng Sputnik 1, v\u1ec7 tinh nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, m\u1edf ra k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng gian. N\u1eb7ng 83,6 kg, Sputnik 1 ph\u00e1t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u radio v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o quanh Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t m\u1ed7i 96 ph\u00fat. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua kh\u00f4ng gian gi\u1eefa Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Explorer v\u00e0 Apollo. Tinh th\u1ea7n ti\u00ean phong c\u1ee7a Sputnik v\u1eabn truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng gian hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"10-Cong-nghe-Laser\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><b>10. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Laser<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u00e1t minh th\u1ee9 10 trong danh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Laser &#8211; m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20. Alexander Prokhorov v\u00e0 Nikolay Basov, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Charles Townes, nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i Nobel V\u1eadt l\u00fd n\u0103m 1964 nh\u1edd c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a laser v\u00e0 maser. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i vi s\u00f3ng v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho laser, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong y h\u1ecdc, vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc. G\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Prokhorov v\u00e0 Basov \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Nga trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c quang h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Ng\u00e0y nay, Laser v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong \u0111a d\u1ea1ng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, t\u1eeb ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1eaft kim lo\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng quang h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng cho v\u0169 kh\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga lu\u00f4n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111i v\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. C\u00f4ng ty Lu\u1eadt ELITE \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.\u00a0 1. B\u1ea3ng [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":10552,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1347],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10551","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sang-che","cat-1347-id"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lawfirmelite.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10551"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lawfirmelite.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lawfirmelite.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lawfirmelite.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lawfirmelite.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10551"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/lawfirmelite.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10551\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10553,"href":"https:\/\/lawfirmelite.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10551\/revisions\/10553"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lawfirmelite.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10552"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lawfirmelite.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10551"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lawfirmelite.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10551"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lawfirmelite.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10551"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}