{"id":5019,"date":"2022-08-24T03:47:41","date_gmt":"2022-08-24T03:47:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lawfirmelite.com\/vi\/?p=5019"},"modified":"2022-08-24T03:50:21","modified_gmt":"2022-08-24T03:50:21","slug":"nam-cham-manh-nhat-the-gioi-hut-tau-san-bay-len-khoi-mat-nuoc-at-chu-bai-cua-iter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lawfirmelite.com\/vi\/nam-cham-manh-nhat-the-gioi-hut-tau-san-bay-len-khoi-mat-nuoc-at-chu-bai-cua-iter\/","title":{"rendered":"Nam ch\u00e2m m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, h\u00fat t\u00e0u s\u00e2n bay l\u00ean kh\u1ecfi m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc: \u2018\u00c1t ch\u1ee7 b\u00e0i\u2019 c\u1ee7a ITER!"},"content":{"rendered":"
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(Ngu\u1ed3n: Iter.org)<\/em><\/p>\n

|Samsung b\u1ecb ki\u1ec7n x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c<\/a>|
\n|15 S\u00c1NG CH\u1ebe QUAN TR\u1eccNG THAY \u0110\u1ed4I TH\u1ebe GI\u1edaI TRONG TH\u1ebe K\u1ef6 21<\/a>|
\n|6 T\u1eacP \u0110O\u00c0N \u0110I\u1ec6N T\u1eec L\u1edaN NH\u1ea4T TH\u1ebe GI\u1edaI<\/a>|<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n

N\u0102NG L\u01af\u1ee2NG S\u1ea0CH C\u1ee6A LO\u00c0I NG\u01af\u1edcI: D\u00d9NG TRONG NGH\u00ccN N\u0102M?<\/strong><\/p>\n

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B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng qua ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t trong h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 n\u0103m. V\u1edbi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0\u00a0kh\u00f3<\/em>\u00a0c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

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Tuy nhi\u00ean,\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang nu\u00f4i tham v\u1ecdng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o ngay tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t<\/em>: M\u1ed9t c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi; M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tham v\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ea1o ra ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch trong h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

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\u1ede mi\u1ec1n nam n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p,\u00a035 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o tokamak l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/em><\/strong>, m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch t\u1eeb t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

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T\u1ecda l\u1ea1c tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng 180 hecta \u1edf Saint-Paul-l\u00e8s-Durance, mi\u1ec1n nam n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh mang t\u00ean Khu ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p Tokamak \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 tham v\u1ecdng: M\u1ed9t bu\u1ed3ng ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh b\u00e1nh v\u00f2ng (donut) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi 1.000 t\u1ea5n nam ch\u00e2m si\u00eau d\u1eabn \u2013 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n plasma ITER.<\/p>\n

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(Ngu\u1ed3n: Iter.org)<\/em><\/p>\n

1.000 t\u1ea5n nam ch\u00e2m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eebng milimet b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111a qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng khai th\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u2013 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao!<\/p>\n

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Gi\u1edbi chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0L\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (ITER).<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

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ITER l\u00e0 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 thi v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n ra theo \u0111\u00fang k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i s\u1ebd khai th\u00e1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tinh.<\/p>\n

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N\u1eb7ng 23.000 t\u1ea5n, ITER \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u1ea5t t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea1o ra plasma \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2025 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 2035.<\/p>\n

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ITER, \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa 35 qu\u1ed1c gia, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u1edf EU, nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ITER bao g\u1ed3m Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Li\u00ean minh Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (EU), \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, Nga v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

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V\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a ITER, Li\u00ean minh Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (v\u1edbi V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh v\u00e0 Th\u1ee5y S\u0129) \u0111ang t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 45% chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. M\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c \u2014 M\u1ef9, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, Nga, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c \u2014 \u0111ang \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p m\u1ed7i n\u01b0\u1edbc 9%.<\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/p>\n

(Ngu\u1ed3n: Iter.org)<\/em><\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: D\u1ed3i d\u00e0o; v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, hay ph\u00e1t ra kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i carbon nung ch\u1ea3y h\u00e0nh tinh, ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

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C\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed hydro \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra heli, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec7t. Duy tr\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u1edf quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n an to\u00e0n, s\u1ea1ch, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

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S\u1edf d\u0129, l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ITER v\u00ec theo ti\u1ebfng Latin, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201ccon \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d \u2013 Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n hydro h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh heli, s\u1ebd l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. Trong c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111un s\u00f4i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y c\u00e1c tua bin h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

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\u2018TR\u00c1I TIM C\u1ee6A ITER TOKAMAK\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u2018m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n \u00e1c m\u1ed9ng\u2019 v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

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Theo l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, ITER s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaby m\u1ed9t plasma si\u00eau n\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a deuterium v\u00e0 triti \u2013 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a hydro \u2013 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra heli v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ITER l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t tokamak c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ea5p 10 l\u1ea7n m\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra plasma.<\/p>\n

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\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ITER \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch cao. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 50 MW \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o tokamak th\u00f4ng qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng plasma, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra 500 MW \u0111i\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb 400 \u0111\u1ebfn 600 gi\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

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Nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra khi plasma \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi 150 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9 C \u2013 n\u00f3ng h\u01a1n l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi 10 l\u1ea7n \u2013 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

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V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 tokamak n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201ch\u00f2a v\u1ed1n khoa h\u1ecdc \u2013 scientific breakeven\u201d, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 plasma c\u1ee7a l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1t n\u00f3ng plasma \u0111\u00f3 [hay c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u00e1t ra kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng plasma, theo gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a\u00a0National Geographic<\/em>].<\/p>\n

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Khi ITER \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2030, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u201ch\u00f2a v\u1ed1n khoa h\u1ecdc\u201d \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 10. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: T\u1ea1o ra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u00fap c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

L\u1ee3i t\u1ee9c g\u1ea5p m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng Q \u2265 10 (t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u ra nhi\u1ec7t). K\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch trong m\u1ed9t tokamak l\u00e0 Q = 0,67 do c\u01a1 s\u1edf JET c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i Culham, V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh n\u1eafm gi\u1eef, n\u01a1i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t 16 MW nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch cho 24 MW \u0111i\u1ec7n gia nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

ITER Tokamak s\u1ebd l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o<\/em><\/strong>, v\u1edbi v\u1edbi b\u00e1n k\u00ednh plasma (R) l\u00e0 6,2 m v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch plasma l\u00e0 830 m\u00e9t kh\u1ed1i. Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng plasma kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a ITER s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p n\u00f3 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u201cplasma ch\u00e1y\u201d trong \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t alpha t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb trong ch\u00ednh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i plasma t\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch t\u1eeb trong h\u01a1n 50 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

(Ngu\u1ed3n: Iter.org)<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb trung t\u00e2m (Central Solenoid) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 \u2018x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng\u2019 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ITER. V\u00e0 M\u1ef9 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 100% ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o nam ch\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb trung t\u00e2m. V\u00e0 \u2018tr\u00e1i tim\u2019 c\u1ee7a ITER ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i nam ch\u00e2m si\u00eau d\u1eabn n\u1eb7ng 1.000 t\u1ea5n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Kh\u1ed1i nam ch\u00e2m kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 1.000 t\u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0\u00a0\u201cnam ch\u00e2m m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d, c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00fat m\u1ed9t t\u00e0u s\u00e2n bay (Aircraft carrier) l\u00ean kh\u1ecfi m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/em><\/strong>, ITER.org cho bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Central Solenoid s\u1ebd bao g\u1ed3m s\u00e1u m\u00f4-\u0111un \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ri\u00eang, m\u1ed7i m\u00f4-\u0111un ch\u1ee9a s\u1ee3i si\u00eau d\u1eabn niobi-thi\u1ebfc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed9n l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp r\u00e1p ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh, Central Solenoid cao 5 t\u1ea7ng, r\u1ed9ng 4,2 m\u00e9t v\u00e0 n\u1eb7ng 1.000 t\u1ea5n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nam ch\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7n si\u00eau d\u1eabn xung m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u2018Tr\u00e1i tim \u0111ang \u0111\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ITER\u2019.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Theo\u00a0General Atomics<\/em>, kh\u1ed1i nam ch\u00e2m Central Solenoid g\u00e2y ra ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb th\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o plasma, t\u1ea1o ra d\u00f2ng plasma v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0y trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Kh\u1ed1i nam ch\u00e2m 1.000 t\u1ea5n Central Solenoid, do T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng M\u1ef9 General Atomics ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2021.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd Li\u00ean X\u00f4 Lev Artsimovich (1909 \u2013 1973) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 \u201ccha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a Tokamak\u201d t\u1eebng cho bi\u1ebft, tokamak n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. B\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t tokamak, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec7t trong th\u00e0nh b\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tuabin v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n, website c\u1ee7a ITER th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng, ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i n\u0103m n\u1eefa th\u00f4i, nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i s\u1ebd ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y ITER Tokamak t\u1ea1o ra ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

NH\u1eeeNG CON S\u1ed0 KH\u1ed4NG L\u1ed2<\/strong><\/p>\n

100.000 KM<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

100.000 km s\u1ee3i si\u00eau d\u1eabn niobi-thi\u1ebfc (Nb3Sn) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean kh\u1ed1i nam ch\u00e2m Central Solenoid h\u00ecnh xuy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ITER.<\/p>\n

100.000 km s\u1ee3i si\u00eau d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p thu\u1ed9c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ITER \u2014 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, Nga v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 \u2014 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2009 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2014.<\/p>\n

H\u01a1n 400 t\u1ea5n d\u00e2y \u0111a s\u1ee3i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cho ITER v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 kho\u1ea3ng 150 t\u1ea5n \/ n\u0103m, s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 cho ITER, t\u1ed1i \u0111a ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 15 t\u1ea5n \/ n\u0103m).<\/p>\n

K\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i, t\u1ed5ng s\u1ee3i Nb3Sn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra cho ITER s\u1ebd qu\u1ea5n quanh Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o hai l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

150 TRI\u1ec6U \u00b0 C<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 6.000 \u00b0 C, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 15 tri\u1ec7u \u00b0 C. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 trong l\u00f5i M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n

Trong ITER Tokamak, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ebd l\u00ean t\u1edbi 150 tri\u1ec7u \u00b0 C \u2014t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 g\u1ea5p 10 l\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

23.000 T\u1ea4N<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

M\u00e1y ITER s\u1ebd n\u1eb7ng 23.000 t\u1ea5n. Kim lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9a trong th\u00e1p Eiffel (7.300 t\u1ea5n) c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a l\u00e0 g\u00ec so v\u1edbi ITER.<\/p>\n

ITER n\u1eb7ng g\u1ea5p 3 l\u1ea7n th\u00e1p Eiffel. Ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang t\u00e0u ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng, t\u1ea5m ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n lu\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eb7ng 8.000 t\u1ea5n. Kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u linh ki\u1ec7n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

NAM CH\u00c2M G\u1ea4P 2 L\u1ea6N L\u1ef0C \u0110\u1ea8Y T\u00c0U CON THOI<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb trung t\u00e2m ITER, t\u1ee9c Central Solenoid \u2014 nam ch\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1edbn, n\u1eb7ng 1.000 t\u1ea5n \u1edf trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u2014 \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c g\u1ea5p 2 l\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u con thoi khi c\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 60 meganewtons, hay h\u01a1n 6.000 t\u1ea5n l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

310 T\u1ea4N<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 18 cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00ecnh xuy\u1ebfn (h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef D) c\u1ee7a ITER tokamak s\u1ebd n\u1eb7ng 310 t\u1ea5n. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ee1 kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c t\u00e0u vi\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n theo H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh ITER tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u00e0u v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng s\u00f3ng v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

310 t\u1ea5n l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay Boeing 747-300 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7y. M\u1ed7i cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00ecnh xuy\u1ebfn cao 17 m\u00e9t v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng 9 m\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

400.000 T\u1ea4N<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kho\u1ea3ng 400.000 t\u1ea5n s\u1ebd n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Khu ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p Tokamak, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ITER n\u1eb7ng 23.000 t\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n

400.000 t\u1ea5n \u2013 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a nh\u00e0 Empire State \u1edf New York, M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

104 KM<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u1eb7ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y ITER \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecdc theo 104 km \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh ITER.<\/p>\n

K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: N\u1eb7ng nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd n\u1eb7ng g\u1ea7n 900 t\u1ea5n bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n; t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd cao kho\u1ea3ng b\u1ed1n t\u1ea7ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u ngang 9 m\u00e9t; nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc kh\u00e1c d\u00e0i 33 m\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

5.000 NG\u01af\u1edcI<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m cao \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ITER n\u0103m 2019-2022, c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 5.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i ITER (tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng), t\u0103ng so v\u1edbi 1.400 trong n\u0103m 2014. D\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn, s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh tr\u00ean Khu ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p Tokamak.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

172.000 DU KH\u00c1CH<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

C\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0: 172.169 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 gh\u00e9 th\u0103m Khu ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p Tokamak k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2007 (d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p v\u00e0 san l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea5t cho vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t khoa h\u1ecdc trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai).<\/p>\n

Sau m\u1ed9t n\u0103m b\u1ecb ch\u1eefng l\u1ea1i do Covid-19, l\u01b0\u1ee3t du kh\u00e1ch gh\u00e9 th\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2021 v\u1edbi 11.540 ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a: S\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7,<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n:\u00a0https:\/\/soha.vn\/nam-cham-manh-nhat-the-gioi-hut-tau-san-bay-len-khoi-mat-nuoc-at-chu-bai-cua-iter-20220718145606897.htm<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(Ngu\u1ed3n: Iter.org) |Samsung b\u1ecb ki\u1ec7n x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c| |15 S\u00c1NG CH\u1ebe QUAN TR\u1eccNG THAY \u0110\u1ed4I TH\u1ebe GI\u1edaI TRONG TH\u1ebe K\u1ef6 21| |6 T\u1eacP \u0110O\u00c0N \u0110I\u1ec6N T\u1eec L\u1edaN NH\u1ea4T TH\u1ebe GI\u1edaI| \u00a0 \u00a0 N\u0102NG L\u01af\u1ee2NG S\u1ea0CH C\u1ee6A LO\u00c0I NG\u01af\u1edcI: D\u00d9NG TRONG NGH\u00ccN N\u0102M?   B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng qua ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ed5ng […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5021,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5019","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc","cat-13-id"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lawfirmelite.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5019"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lawfirmelite.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lawfirmelite.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lawfirmelite.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lawfirmelite.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5019"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/lawfirmelite.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5019\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5020,"href":"https:\/\/lawfirmelite.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5019\/revisions\/5020"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lawfirmelite.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5021"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lawfirmelite.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5019"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lawfirmelite.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5019"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lawfirmelite.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5019"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}